Surprisingly, however, the question as to whether such patients can imagine new experiences has not been formally addressed to our knowledge. 835, 1–9 (1999).Amnesic patients have a well established deficit in remembering their past experiences. Reduced anxiety-like and cognitive performance in mice lacking the corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1. Pharmacological activity and safety profile of P10358, a novel, orally active acetylcholinesterase inhibitor for Alzheimer's disease. Lesions in the magnocellular preoptic nucleus decrease olfactory investigation in rats. Effects of lesions in the horizontal diagonal band nucleus on olfactory habituation in the rat. Age-dependent changes in olfactory-mediated behavioral investigations in the male rat. Oxytocin is required for nursing but is not essential for parturition or reproductive behavior. Neurohypophyseal hormone receptors in the septum are implicated in social recognition in the rat. Opposite action of oxytocin and its peptide antagonists on social memory in rats. Low doses of oxytocin facilitate social recognition in rats. Polymodal dose-response curve for oxytocin in the social recognition test. Social memory and neurohypophyseal hormones. Behavioral consequences of intracerebral vasopressin and oxytocin: focus on learning and memory. Oxytocin and vasopressin release in the olfactory bulb of parturient ewes: changes with maternal experience and effects on acetylcholine, γ-aminobutyric acid, glutamate and noradrenaline release. Levy, F., Kendrick, K.M., Goode, J.A., Guevara-Guzman, R. The olfactory bulb: a critical site of action for oxytocin in the induction of maternal behaviour in the rat. Yu, G.Z., Kaba, H., Okutani, F., Takahashi, S. Structure and expression of the mouse oxytocin receptor gene. Mating alters topography and content of oxytocin immunoreactivity in male mouse brain. Jirikowski, G.F., Caldwell, J.D., Haussler, H.U. Olfactory bulb norepinephrine depletion abolishes vasopressin and oxytocin preservation of social recognition responses in rats. Endogenous oxytocin is involved in short-term olfactory memory in female rats. Oxytocin but not vasopressin facilitates social recognition following injection into the medial preoptic area of the rat brain. Vasopressin, gonadal steroids and social recognition. Modulation of social memory in male rats by neurohypophyseal peptides. Neurohypophyseal peptides and social recognition in rats. Oxytocin, vasopressin, and the neuroendocrine basis of pair bond formation. 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) disrupts social memory/recognition processes in the male mouse. Cholinergic modulation of a decrement in social investigation following repeated contacts between mice. Social and individual recognition in rodents: methodological aspects and neurobiological bases. Jr Persistence of social investigatory behavior in the male rat: Evidence for long-term memory of initial copulatory experience. Neural control of maternal behaviour and olfactory recognition of offspring. Our data indicate that OT is necessary for the normal development of social memory in mice and support the hypothesis that social memory has a neural basis distinct from other forms of memory. Treatment with OT but not AVP rescued social memory in Oxt −/− mice, and treatment with an OT antagonist produced a social amnesia-like effect in Oxt +/+ mice. Spatial memory and behavioural inhibition measured in a Morris water-maze, Y-maze, or habituation of an acoustic startle also seemed intact. Measurement of both olfactory foraging and olfactory habituation tasks indicated that olfactory detection of non-social stimuli is intact in Oxt −/− mice. We found that male mice mutant for the oxytocin gene ( Oxt −/−) failed to develop social memory, whereas wild-type ( Oxt +/+) mice showed intact social memory. Pharmacological studies indicate that AVP administration may enhance social memory 8, 9, 10, whereas OT administration may either inhibit or facilitate social memory depending on dose, route or paradigm 1, 11, 12, 13. Brain oxytocin (OT) and vasopressin (AVP) seem to modulate a range of social behaviour from parental care to mate guarding 7. Researchers have operationally defined this memory by a reliable decrease in olfactory investigation in repeated or prolonged encounters with a conspecific 3, 4, 5, 6. The development of social familiarity in rodents depends predominantly on olfactory cues and can critically influence reproductive success 1, 2.
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